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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
control character
Any of a number of special characters that exist in
most coded character sets and that are input or output to cause
some special action rather than as part of the normal textual
data.
Control characters are input by holding down a control key on
the keyboard and simultaneously pressing a letter key or
(depending on the keyboard and operating system) certain
punctuation characters. Some control codes have their own special
keys: escape, tab, delete, backspace, return, allowing
them to be entered with a single key press.
Control characters may be output for their effect on the output
device, e.g. moving the cursor or print head to the start of a
new line (carriage return, Control-M), advancing down to the
next line (line feed, Control-J) or ringing the bell
(Control-G).
Different operating systems and application programs have
different conventions for what effect typing certain control
characters will have, such as interrupting the current process
(Unix Control-C) or suspending or resuming output
(Control-S, Control-Q).
See ASCII character table.
(2015-03-07)